Page 47 - Nuclear Plant Journal Digital Edition: January - February 2013
Basic HTML Version
Nuclear Plant Journal, January-February 2013
47
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Fukushima Safety...
Continued from page 36
Protection of People and
the Environment
1. The radiological consequences
of a nuclear or radiological emergency do
not respect national boundaries; therefore,
effective international cooperation is
vital to ensure the protection of people
from unplanned exposures to ionizing
radiation.
2. The ultimate objective of
remediation after a nuclear or radiological
emergency is to reduce radiation exposure
to the population from existing exposure
situations and to improve the environment
contaminated by radioactive substances,
in order to realize the return of residents
to their homes and livelihoods. To
this end, Member States should have
established policies and strategies for
remediation of contaminated areas in
place at an early stage of their nuclear
programme, including for remediation of
urban and rural areas for a wide range of
environmental conditions. An effective
remediation programme should address
legal, socioeconomic and technological
issues in line with IAEA safety
standards and national requirements and
guidelines.
3. For an effective transition
from an emergency exposure situation
to an existing exposure situation, and
for remediation of affected areas, clear
guidance should to be developed at the
national level with the involvement of all
stakeholders.
4. Many remediation actions will
generate waste, which will impact the
strategy chosen for implementation; in
addition, this waste should be properly
managed.
5. It is important both to gather
experiencesandlessonslearnedworldwide
in the remediation and decommissioning
of nuclear facilities in the aftermath of
nuclear or radiological emergencies and
to disseminate this information through
the IAEA and through cooperation with
the international community. The lessons
learned from these activities are expected
to contribute to enhancing the safety and
effectiveness of future remediation and
decommissioning activities worldwide.
6. It is important to seek more
efficient and effective technologies
for optimizing remediation from the
perspectives of safety, cost and time
through R&D and demonstration
projects.
7. It is important to increase
Member States’ competence in the
selection and use of technologies
for characterization and remediation
of areas affected by a nuclear or
radiological emergency. Member States
were encouraged to share information
on existing monitoring networks and
programmes as well as past practices
and experience with management of
contaminated land from previous nuclear
or radiological emergencies.
8. The importance of international
cooperation for assessing the human
impact of radioactive releases by a
nuclear accident was emphasized. In this
regard, the work of the World Health
Organization (WHO) for issuing reports
on the preliminary dose estimation and
on the preliminary health risk assessment
from the Fukushima Daiichi accident was
noted with appreciation. Appreciation
was also expressed for the ongoing
work by the United Nations Scientific
Committee on the Effects of Atomic
Radiation (UNSCEAR) on an assessment
of the levels of individual exposure and
radiation risks attributable to the accident.
In this regard the presentation given by
UNSCEAR was appreciated.
9. It is important to globally
strengthen methods for monitoring
food, including agricultural and fishery
products, at every stage of production and
distribution, to secure conformity with
the reference values related to radioactive
substances in food in affected regions.
10.
Communication to the
public is an important tool for promoting
effective actions to protect human health
and the environment and, more broadly, to
improve living conditions in areas affected
by significant releases. In communication
with the public, health, environmental,
economic, social, psychological, cultural,
ethical and political considerations should
be taken into account, many of which
may influence the actions taken. Effective
communication will help in handling the
effects of social and economic pressure,
including post-traumatic stress disorder,
depression and fear.
